字典学习法的终结篇旨在帮助我们掌握母语错误理解并进行修正，同时追溯词根的含义。通过深入了解词语的起源和词根的意义，我们可以更好地运用母语，避免理解上的误区，并更加准确地表达我们的意思。使用字典作为工具，我们可以积累更多的知识，提高我们的语言能力，从而更好地与他人沟通和交流。

前言：本篇将涉及选择字典与自己母语的关系。作者罗恩是从母语是美语角度谈美语字典与英式字典选择，而初中级学习者还没到分辨美式和英式英语的水平。听、说本人倒推崇多学美式英语，口语交流任性更普及。而学习听力与表达又不可过度“挑肥拣瘦”。尤其是雅思考生和普通国际或外语学校与大学生——你留学与进阶方向未必局限。在巨变学习法字典篇里傲游良久，明白学习者选择合适梯度的字典才是重头戏。劝君善用但不盲目依赖网络字典，查字便捷，定义精范，例句有声，但发现使用者不清理其中词义，“快餐”文化，囫囵吞枣反而会导致误解字词消化不良。字典也非绝对真理，也会有定义错误及遗漏，须及时处理。罗恩导师提出了敢于质疑和参考更多标准工具书的处理方案。复习一下前面系列内容，相信你会有新的理念与心动为自己和孩子分别选出心怡的字典。使用方便的新编学生字典APP等网络字典，对吸收网课视频资源有助，客观瞄准慎重抉择吧。本人多在泛听看视频时选择网络字典直接迅速了解字义以便前进，局限清查误字需要不骄不躁回溯寻找，定义后重看再听；而精读备课一对一辅导纸质字典为主，或网络大字典初查，再用有声例句和图文助理解，最后小字典或教科书局限常用定义口语造句，基本完成清理误字和生字后重回看含有误字那部分再前行或同行教练。基础打牢，量变积累至质变，非刷题性母语化升华（参见本主页早期系列清字六或七步骤）。

作为英语和西语为母语或高阶学研，还离不开词源或字根学习。这个要求对初学者和习惯于市售不带词根字典的学习者可能太高，所以在头条初推查字典清字介绍六步骤。如果想更上一层楼，清字第七步骤清查字根是个绕不过去的梯度，就像汉语研究者溯源中文字，要查大《词源》那么自然，就像欧美传道人引用希伯来语希腊语深揭英文圣经真实字义一样必须。

首编英中字典，缅怀洋教士功德：为了基督教传入，1814～1815年，英国传教士马礼逊在澳门编撰第一部英汉学习字典《华英字典》，实际发行是九年后。可贵的是他同期还编写过相关语法书籍。传教士汉语功底了得，《华英字典》中很多出自《红楼梦》和《论语》的例句，令吾辈汗颜。这部世界上第一本英汉－汉英对照字典，内容及其丰富，例句及解释、成语、俗语都像英英字典那么规范大全，奠定在华传播基督教语言基础功德无量。

我国传统沿袭是使用英式字典为主的。如《简明英汉》各阶《牛津字典》，侧重收录词与美式字典略有些不同，但非双英解释，与美语词典的差别就不甚明显。今网络《有道词典》等收录各类字典早已打破传统沿袭，英语习得、各类学生或雅思、托福等备考有更多选择。

告别了深圳学子和家长，已飞达北方重点咨询辅导国际生……头天一做心理和方法辅导，学生大大开窍，再实践于具体学习材料清字，透彻理解英文词汇与课文似步步高！天降大任于斯人也！衷心祝愿头条君同行教练用字典，清理误字有巨变！（下期Demonstration示范模拟，看脑洞大开的非主流心灵科学奠基者罗恩怎么玩转主流教育专家难以解决的精神与物质的课堂糅合，又如何实操理论与实践的平衡比例。欢迎互动留言咨询。）

Dictionaries and a Person' s Own Language 字典与英美母语

English dictionaries and American dictionaries differ in some of their definitions, as the Americans（USA）and English (Britain) define some words) differently.

An English dictionary will have different applications of words that specifically English (British). These usages won't necessarily be found in American dictionaries, as they are not part of the American English language. Different dictionaries have things in them which unique to that language.

The Oxford English Dictionary is a good example of an English dictionary for the English. For the most part a student's dictionary should correspond to his own language. This does not mean that an American shouldn't use a British dictionary (or vise versa), but if he does, he should aware of the above and check words in a dictionary of his own language as needed.

英式英语字典与美语字典，某些定义标注解释不同。因为英国人与美国人，对同一个字词会有不同定义。

英式英语字典有些字，在英国有特别不同用法，却不一定能在美语字典中找到。原因是它们并非美式英语的一部分。不同的字典会包含些属于该语言的独特性内容。

对英国人而言，牛津英文字典就是英式英文的绝佳工具。

大多数学生用字典，要符合他自己母语。这并不是说美国人不能使用英式英文字典（反之亦然）。但如果用此种字典，要注意上述所谈内容，并在必要时用自己母语美语字典核对一下。

False and Omitted Definitions

遗漏及错误定义

It has been found that some dictionaries leave out definitions or even contain false definitions. If, when using a dictionary, a student comes across what he suspects to be a false definition, there is a handling that can be done. The first thing would be to ensure there are no misunderstoods in the definition in question and then he should consult another dictionary and check its definition for the word being cleared. This may require more than one dictionary. In this way any false definition can be resolved.

Other dictionaries, encyclopedias and text books should be on hand for reference.

If a student run into an omitted definition or a suspected omitted definition, then other dictionaries or reference book should be consulted and the omitted definition found and cleared.

有时会发现有些字典字义有疏漏，甚至还会有错误定义。如果学生使用字典时，碰到他怀疑有可能字词的定义错误，有方法可以处理。首先必须确保在这个有疑问的定义解释中，他并没有误解的字，然后他可以查阅另一部字典来参照查阅这个待查字词的定义。这就可能需要不止一本字典。用此方法操作，可以解决任何错误定义。

手头书案还应该备有其他字典、百科全书以及教科书。

学生遇到遗漏的定义，或疑似定义遗漏不全，也应该参阅其他字典或参考书目，清查这个被疏漏的定义。

Derivations 词源（字根）

A derivation is a statement of the origin of a word.

Word originated somewhere and meant something originally. Through the ages they have sometimes altered in meaning.

Derivations are important in getting the origine of a word, one will bave a far greater grasp of the concept of that word. Students find that they are greatly assisted in understanding a word fully and conceptually if they know the word's derivation.

A student must always clear the derivation of any word he looks up.

It will commonly be found that a student does not know how to read the derivations of the word in most dictionaries. The most common error they make is not understand that when there is a word in derivation which is fully capitalized, it means that that word appears elsewhere in the dictionary and probably

contains more information about the derivation. (For example, the derivation of "thermometer" is given in one dictionary as THERMO+METER. Looking at the derivation of "thermo," it says it is from the Greek word therme, meaning heat. And the derivation of "meater" is given coming from French metre, which is from the Latin "metrum", which is itself from the Greek metron meaning measure. ) By understanding and using these fully capitalized words, a student can get a full picture of a wrod's derivation.

If a student has trouble with derivations, it most likely because of the above plus a misunderstood word or a symbol in the derivation. These points can be cleared up quite easily where they are giving difficulty.

An excellent dictionary of derivation is the Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, also printed by the Oxford University Press.

字根(词源)陈述单词的来源。

单词有其出处和源初之含义。经历许多年后，定义有时就有所更替。

要透彻了解一个单词，词源就显得尤为重要。一旦了解了某个字的起源，对这个词的认识就会大大提高。学生认识到如果知道词根，对于从概念上透彻理解字词帮助极大。

故学生对查阅的每一单词，都必须不放过清查词根。

常见学生在用大多数字典时，不知道如何查阅词源。通常犯的错误多是，不知道词源中的全大写字母，是表示这个字在其他地方也会出现，并且包含更多的关于该词源之信息。（例如，有本字典里 “ thermometer”一词写出大写的TERMO+METER. 查看themo的词源，来自希腊语therme）意即热度，而meter来自法文metre, 又源于拉丁文metrum, 始于希腊语metron意为测量。明白和使用这些大写字，学习者就能得到单词的词源之全貌。

如果一个学生查阅词源遇到困难，最可能是遇到上述情况，又加上在词源中有误解字词或符号。而造成困难的这些点，都是可以清理的。

《牛津词源字典》是一部很棒的词源词典，也由牛津大学出版社发行。

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We have long known the importance of clearing words and it stands that the dictionary

one use to do this would also be quite important.

我们既然已知道清查字非常重要，理所当然地，用于清理字词的工具字典自然就成了重中之重。

Drill 实操： 翻阅比较一些英语字典，找出最适合你的一两本，参考上篇字典推荐和本篇，思考一下为何这部字典适合你。

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